# permission string - type indicator | user rwx | group rwx | other rwx | user (owner) referenced in field 2 | group referenced in field 3 | file info ![[images/Pasted image 20250808153225.png]] - type indicators: - for file, d for directory, l for symbolic link, s for socket - x enables cd into a directory and execution of a file - `chmod` to modify perms of a file - `chmod ugo+x file_name` adds x perm for user, group, and other for file - `chmod ug-x,o+rwx file_name` removes x perm for user and group; and adds rwx perms for other - `chmod +x file_name` gives user, group, other x perm - `chmod 777 file_name` octal notation to give wrx to user, group, other for file - common perm notations: 777, 755, 500 - `chown` to modify owner or group assignment of a file - `sudo chown bob file_name` changes owner to bob for file - `sudo chown suzy.suzy file_name` changes owner and group to suzy for file - `sudo chown .suzy file_name` changes group (but not owner) to suzy for file